Medications used to treat diarrhea fall into four categories: Absorbants, bismuth compounds, anti-motility medicines (related to opioids, but not addictive), and bulking agents. Some are available over the counter, and some require a prescription. Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for these medications, although they may interfere with the absorption of other medications.⁵ The benefit to conventional medications is that most work to relieve diarrhea very quickly.

• Absorbants – Attapulgite (Brand names Rheaban^®, Parapectolin^®), Polycarbophil (Brand names Equalactin^®, Konsyl Fiber^®, Milotran^®), and Kaolin (Brand name Kaopectate^®). These absorbants adhere to chemicals, toxins, infectious organisms, and water. They help make the stool more solid and are easily tolerated by most people. There may be minimal side effects of constipation and bloating. They should be taken separately from other medications as they may affect the absorption of those medications.⁶
• Bismuth compounds – Bismuth subsalicylate (Brand name Pepto Bismol^®) is considered to have some antibiotic-like properties that affect the bacteria that produce diarrhea.⁶ Bismuth has a side effect of turning the stool and sometimes the inside of the mouth black.
• Anti-motility medicines – Loperamide (Brand name Imodium^®), and Diphenoxylate (Brand name Lomotil^®) relax the muscles of the intestines so the movement through them is slowed allowing more water to be absorbed by the intestines and colon. Anti-motility medicines also relieve the symptom of cramping. Imodium is available over the counter and Lomotil by prescription. Serious side effects are black or bloody stools, blurred vision, skin rash or stomach pain.⁷ Other side effects may include drowsiness or dizziness, and constipation.
• Bulking agents – Brand names Metamucil^®, Konsyl^®, and Citrucel^®. These are used to treat both chronic diarrhea and constipation since they provide more bulk to stools. Side effects include bloating or cramps. 

Additional Information about Diarrhea

1. Diarrhea Overview
2. Common symptoms of diarrhea
3. Common causes of diarrhea
4. Help me choose a natural and alternative treatment for diarrhea
5. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations that may help in the treatment of diarrhea
6. Cited Sources and Additional Reading for diarrhea