Conventional medicines can be prescribed by doctors to remedy constipation if changes to diet and lifestyle do not work. These medicines may cause depletion of certain nutrients. The following is a list of common conventional medicines that may be used for constipation:

• Bulk-forming laxatives – These products add bulk to the stool, facilitating bowel movement. A bowel movement is normally achieved within 72 hours. These are the gentlest laxatives and are often used to prevent constipation as well as treat it. Normal side effects include flatulence and bloating. Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented.⁵ Some common over-the-counter products include: Metamucil^®, Konsyl-D^®, Fibercon^®, Citrucel^®
• Stimulant laxatives – These products are usually used for constipation when it is a side effect of other medications. These stimulate the wall of the intestines and cause bowel movements within 6 to 8 hours. The side effects may include abdominal cramping and can damage the lining of the colon (large intestine). Stimulant laxatives are also addictive and they are known to deplete potassium and sodium.⁵ Some common over-the-counter products include: Senokot^®, Fletcher’s Castoria^®, Dulcolax^®
• Osmotic and hyperosmotic agents – These products allow water to be pulled into the colon (large intestine). The extra water loosens the stool and causes a bowel movement usually within 3 hours. Most osmotic agents require a physician’s prescription, and are often used before a medical procedure. Side effects include cramping and flatulence, as well as possible fluid retention. They can be harmful to those with kidney problems. Osmotic agents are known to deplete nutrients such as folic acid and iron.⁵ Some common over-the-counter products include: Lactulose (Chronulac^®), magnesium salts (magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate), sodium phosphate, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol (Miralax^®), polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solutions (CoLyte^®, GoLYTELY^®, NuLytely^®)
• Stool softeners – These products enable the stool to hold more water and prevent dehydration. Normal side effects include nausea. A bowel movement is normally achieved within 48 hours. These are best for people who need to avoid straining during a bowel movement. Stool softeners are known to deplete potassium and magnesium.⁵ Some common over-the-counter products include: Docusate (Colace^®, Surfak^®)

Additional Information about Constipation

1. Constipation Overview
2. Common symptoms of constipation
3. Common causes of constipation
4. Natural and alternative treatments for constipation
5. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations that may help in the treatment of constipation
6. Cited Sources and Additional Reading for constipation

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